Edward I Longshanks King of England

     Edward I Longshanks King of England was born on 17 June 1239 at Palace of Westminster, Westminster, London, England.^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} He was the son of Henry III King of England and Eleanor of Provence.

Edward I Longshanks King of England, age 15, married Eleanor of Castile Queen of England, daughter of Ferdinand III the Saint , King of Castile and Jeanne de Dammartin, on 18 October 1254 at Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile, Spain.^{3,8,9,2,1,4,5,6,10,11} Edward I Longshanks King of England and an unknown mistress were in a relationship that produced offspring.² Edward became, in 1272, the Duke of Aquitaine.^3,2,5,10 Edward was crowned King of England by Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury on 19 August 1272 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.^2,5,10 In 1277, he began a campaign to subdue Wales and defeat Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. The campaign lasted until Llywelyn's death in 1282. Wales was divided into shires and English law was established. In 1290, when Alexander III, King of Scotland died without heirs, Edward intervened as feudal lord. Margaret Maid of Norway and heir to the throne of Scotland, then a child, was betrothed to the future Edward II, and sailed from Norway to England. She died in 1290 before reaching England leaving the throne empty. Edward chose John Baliol from among thirteen candidates as King of the Scots. While John Balioli did homage to Edward the Scots resisted English domination. Edward invaded Scotland and soundly defeated the Scots under Baliol. Edward forced Balliol to abdicate The Scottish barons did homage to Edward as their king. William Wallace incited a rebellion in 1297, defeated the English army at Stirling, and harassed England's northern counties. The next year, Edward defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk but encountered continued resistance until Wallace's capture and execution in 1304. Robert the Bruce revolted in 1306 against England ultimately defeating Edward II at Bannockburn.

Edward I Longshanks King of England, age 60, married Marguerite of France, daughter of Philip III the Bold King of France and Marie of Brabant, on 10 September 1299 at Canterbury, Kent, England.^3,8,9,2,1,6 Edward I Longshanks King of England died on 7 July 1307 at Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England, at age 68.^{3,9,2,1,5,6,7} He was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.^3,10